Study of the Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Development of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation on the Background of Autonomic Sinus Node Dysfunction

Aim. To study the effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the development of hypomagnesemia in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) on the background of autonomic sinus node dysfunction (ASND).

Material and methods. A prospective cohort study included 32 patients with an established diagnosis of ASND and often recurrent paroxysmal AF. The main group consisted of 17 patients who took pantoprazole at a dose of 20 mg 2 times a day as treatment of diagnosed duodenal erosions within 6 weeks from the time of the initial visit to an arrhythmologist. The remaining 15 patients did not take PPIs and were included in the control group. The determination of magnesium in whole blood, plasma and formed elements was carried out twice in all patients – at the initial visit and after 6 weeks. In addition, in the experiment, complex-forming activity of solutions of various PPIs (esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole and omeprazole) with respect to magnesium ions was studied. The author’s method was used, based on turbidimitric determination of the light transmission during the heterogeneous reaction of the formation of magnesium phosphates in the presence of the analyzed drug or without it.

Results. There were no significant differences in the magnesium content in the blood of patients of the main and control groups before taking PPIs. After taking of pantoprazole by the patients of the main group there were significant differences between main and control groups in magnesium in whole blood (0.48 [0.44-0.51] mmol/l vs 0.55 [0.5-0.61] mmol/l, p=0.01) and its values in formed elements (0.52 [0.45-0.67] mmol/l vs 0.75 [0.65-1.2] mmol/l, p=0.009). Analysis of magnesium content in patients of the main group before and after taking of pantoprazole also showed a significant decrease in intracellular concentrations of the element (0.6 [0.51-1.0] mmol/l vs 0.52 [0.45-0.67] mmol/l, p=0.002), as well as decrease in its total content in whole blood (0.51 [0.45-0.59] mmol/l vs 0.48 [0.44-0.51] mmol/l, p=0.04). To substantiate the observed effects it was experimentally proved the possibility of formation of strong complex compounds between the ions of magnesium and PPIs: the highest activity was demonstrated by rabeprazole and pantoprazole (coefficients of complex formation per unit of total organic carbon – 1.5 and 0.72, respectively) and the lowest – omeprazole and esomeprazole (0.04 and 0.09, respectively).

Conclusion. A decrease of magnesium content in whole blood and formed elements in patients with paroxysmal AF on the background of ADSN was mediated by a six-week intake of pantoprazole in a dose of 20 mg 2 times a day for the treatment of concomitant erosion of the duodenum. When choosing PPIs for arrhythmological patients with concomitant gastro-duodenal pathology, it is advisable to be guided by the complexing activity of drugs with respect to magnesium ions: the most pronounced metal-ligand interaction with magnesium was shown by rabeprazole and pantoprazole, and the least – omeprazole and esomeprazole.

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